WEEK 8 - ASSEMBLE ALL THE COMPONENT

ASSEMBLE ALL THE COMPONENT

In week 8, we have done assemble all the component on my pcb. During the assemble, we had go through many problem such as the connection didn't connect with each other. Second problem we had found that the component that we use for the project didn't same in the magazine. But 80% of the project has done well. Only capacitor 10 micro 16v that missing in action. So we decided to go to Jalan Pasar next week due to our other project didn't finish yet. Third problem that we found that my IC holder didn't macth with the hole. So, we decided to push it to the limits. And its work!!!! Below are the pictures and step that we had done by assembling all the components. we also had test all the connection and the result also shown below. All the components are connect well.

This project finally almost 80% done.A few problem that we found have been troubleshoot.In the next step,we need to test either this project is 100% successfully or not.All the step to make this project has been shown and follow.

WEEK 7 - MAKING HOLE ON THE PCB

MAKING HOLE ON THE PCB

Hello readers, last week we had done pcb preparation using UV board. This week, we have continue our project by making the hole on the pcb.During this work, we had trough many problem, such as the hole that we make doesn't fit with the component. To solve the problem, we had buy a machine to make the hole on the pcb. Below are the picture of the hole drill that we buy for making the hole on our pcb.

First, we wanted to make the hole by sending it to the electronic shop, after we heard about the price which is not worth buying, we decided to buy the drill because it is cheap and we can use it oftenly and for other project or sell it back. After we buy the drill, we make the hole to put the component on the pcb. Below are the picture for what we had done with our project.

Now,this project almost 60% done.We must do it carefully to make it interesting and all the circuit function.Besides we do not want any component broken or do not function.

WEEK 6 - UV BOARD

WEEK 6

PCB Preparation

The PCB layout paper is drenched with sunflower-seed oil. Sunflower-seed oil is common available from your local grocery or wall market. Superfluous oil should be removed carefully with tissue paper. The sunflower-seed oil is used to make the white part of the layout paper transparent for light.

If you prefer to use the PCB layout more than once let the drenched PCB layout paper dry at least 48 hours. The layout paper should be carefully dried on forehand as much as possible with tissue paper. Sunflower-seed oil is a `drying' oil. Exposed to the air over a number of hours, the layout paper becomes rigid again. A kind of polymerization takes place. You will get a lot less or no greasy fingers anymore afterwards.

Other mineral or vegetable oils might work as well to obtain light transparency. However, they might not be `drying' oils. When we started experimenting, sunflower-seed oil was the first oil we used and it worked fine. So we didn't try any other oils. Using water does not work. The layout paper crumples up a bit.

PCB UV Exposure 

 

The protective plastic layer is removed - peeled back - from the photosensitive PCB. The toner side of the greased layout is placed on the copper of the PCB. Captured air-bubbles are gently pressed away from underneath the layout. The PCB with the layout is now covered with an appropriate sized windowpane and placed on a piece of plain polished tile or marble. The tile or marble absorbs the heat coming from the UV bulb, which is significant. Three to four minutes 300W bulb UV exposure from a distance of 30-40 cm will do the photo process. Take care when finished and removing the PCB, it gets hot!

PCB Etching

The developed PCB is etched with a 220 g/l solution of ammonium peroxydisulfate (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ a.k.a. ammonium persulfate, 220 gram added to 1 liter of water and mix it until everything is dissolved. Theoretically it should be possible to etch slightly more than 60 grams of copper with 1 liter etching solution. Assume an 50% efficiency, about 30 grams of copper. With a thickness of 35 µm copper on your PCB this covers a copper area of about 1000 cm². Unfortunately the efficiency of the etching solution degrades, dissolved ammonium peroxydisulfate decomposes slowly. You better make just enough etching solution you need to etch. For an etching tray of about 20 x 25 cm a minimum practical amount is 200-250 ml solution. So you dissolve about 44 grams ammonium peroxydisulfate into 200 ml or 55 grams into 250 ml water.

Etching at ambient temperature might take over an hour, it is better to heat up the etching solvent to about 35-45 degrees Celcius. The etching solution heating up could be done in a magnetron, this takes about 40 to 60 seconds in a 850W magnetron depending on the initial temperature of the etching solution (hint: first try this with just water to determine the timer setting of the magnetron). The etching - rocking the etching tray - takes about 15-30 minutes at this temperature. If you have a heated, air-bubble circulated etching fluid tank available, this is probably the fastest way to etch. At higher temperatures the etching performance decreases. The etching process is an exothermic reaction, it generates heat. Take care, cool your etching tray when necessary! You should minimize the amount of copper to etch by creating copper area in your PCB layout as much as possible. When starting the etching process and little to etch it is difficult to keep the etching solution at 35-45 degrees Celcius. It helps to fill for example the kitchen sink with warm water and rock the etching tray in the filled kitchen sink.

When the ammonium peroxydisulfate is dissolved it is a clear liquid. After an etching procedure it gradually becomes blue and more deeper blue - the chemical reaction creates dissolved copper sulfate CuSO₄. Compared to other etching chemicals like hydrated iron (III) chloride FeCl₃.6H₂O a.k.a. ferric chloride or the combination of hydrochloric acidHCL and hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂, using ammonium peroxydisulfate is a clean and safe method. Did you ever spilled dissolved iron chloride on your clothes or your assumed stainless steel kitchen sink? Do you really want to keep concentrated hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide at home? So, without doubt ammonium peroxydisulfate is the best choice for etching at home. However, copper sulfate is a poisonous substance and should be treated as chemical waste.

This is the step of etching,we must do it carefully to make it successfully function and not broken.All the step of how to do this is state above but you all must do it carefull.

WEEK 5 - PURCHASE ALL COMPONENT AT JALAN PASAR

 WEEK 5

Assalamualaikum and good evening readers. This week we had buy all the component. We buy the component at Jalan Pasar, Pudu. All of the component we can find there. Below are the picture when we buy all the components.

Below are the lists of our project's components.And we have buy all the component twice the quantity as a backup if some of the component are damaged or broken.All those components are very sensitive and easy to broke.As a backup plan,we had buy it all double.

The price of all components are fixed,so,we can't ask for negotiate anymore.However,all this component not too expensive.total cost of all these project almost RM 100 only.It is worth buying.

WEEK 4 - SURVEY

WEEK 4

Hai, 3 weeks already past, after meeting and discussion with lecturer, the process of making this project that is Gate Alarm is continue, a few problem that found has been troubleshoot. We already going to Jalan Pasar to buy a few components and all the part to make this project. Picture of components will be upload later. We take a few day for the survey to get the cheapest price in the market, finally, total cost of making this project around RM 80. It is already cheap and affordable. We had buy a lot of resistors, battery, bread board and many more.

However, there is not all components sold at Jalan Pasar, a few of components that we need must be order, so we must wait for a few days to get that components. Thats the reason why we update this blog a little late. After that, we had construct all the components on bread board to test that all components working. We also will upload pictures of step of making this project, so, all of the followers can see and know how to make this project. This project not so complicated, it just need a few components to make it done. Ok, that's all for this week, please wait for the next entry, to be continue.

WEEK 3 - DISCUSSION

Now, 3 weeks already pass, after a few meeting and discussion with lecturer, process of making this project is about 10% in progress ,we are going to Jalan Pasar and buy components and all the stuffs to make this project. The total of this project is about +- RM 50 only.All the details will be upload soon.This project is easy build,that is not too complecated but we should becarefull because it is involve the electronics components that can explosive.All the safety step must be follow.